Quick Links: Table of Contents
- Dogue de Bordeaux Versus Treeing Walker Coonhound: Introduction
- Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound: Overview
- Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound: Comparison Table
- The Most Remarkable Differences Between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound
- The Similarities Between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Size (Weight and Height) of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Temperament of the Dogue de Bordeaux Versus the Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Price of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Price of Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Adopting the Dogue de Bordeaux versus Adopting the Treeing Walker Coonhound
- The Popularity of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Popularity of Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Health Problems of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Health Problems of Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Which Dog Breed is more Dog-Friendly, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
- Wanderlust Potential: Dogue de Bordeaux vs. Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Tolerates Being Alone: Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Can Dogue de Bordeauxs Tolerate Hot Weather? Can Treeing Walker Coonhounds Tolerate Hot Weather?
- Is the Dogue de Bordeaux Easier to Train than the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
- Do Dogue de Bordeauxs Bark and Howl? What about Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
- Can Dogue de Bordeauxs Tolerate Cold Weather? And can Treeing Walker Coonhounds Tolerate Cold Weather?
- Do Dogue de Bordeauxs shed more than Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
- Does the Dogue de Bordeaux Have a Higher Prey Drive than the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
- Are Dogue de Bordeauxs good family dogs? What about Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
- How Kid-friendly are Dogue de Bordeauxs and Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
- Which one drools more, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Which is Easier to Groom, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
- Other Dog Breeds That are Similar to the Dogue de Bordeaux
- Other Dog Breeds That are Similar to the Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Other Breed Comparisons that Might Interest You
- Conclusion: Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound. Which One is a Better Pet?
Dogue de Bordeaux Versus Treeing Walker Coonhound: Introduction
Are you thinking of getting a new pet dog, and you have narrowed down your choices to the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound? Well, you have come to the right place. In this article, we will provide you a detailed comparison of these two dog breeds to help you decide which of the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound better suits you.
We will provide you a detailed discussion and comparison of dog attributes such as intelligence, price, general health, friendliness, etc, for both the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
Furthermore, we will let you know which one of the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound is better suited for new dog owners, for owners with kids, for owners that live in apartments, for owners with dog allergies, etc.
Importantly, we did some analysis and calculation and we obtained a number that we call the Better-Pet Score™ for both the Dogue de Bordeaux and for the Treeing Walker Coonhound. The dog breed with the higher Better-Pet score is the `better` pet. We hope that these Better-Pet Scores will provide you more insight into deciding which pet to get between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
Our only goal here is to help you make a well-thought-out decision on your next long-term companion, be it the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound
Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound: Overview
Both the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound are similar in size. The Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound are both large-sized dogs.
Furthermore, the Dogue de Bordeaux belongs to the Working Dogs group. Working Dogs were developed to assist humans in some capacity – including pulling sleds and carts, guarding flocks, guarding homes, and protecting their families. Breeds in the Working Group are known for their imposing stature, strength, intelligence, and fearless. Because of their size and strength, working dogs require a structured home life and firm, fair, consistent training by someone who can provide leadership without resorting to anger or physical force.
On the other hand, the Treeing Walker Coonhound belongs to the Hound Dogs group. Hound Dogs were bred to pursue and hunt warm-blooded animals. Hounds hunt by using their good sight or their good sense of smell. Dogs that belong to the Hound Group have strong prey drives and often will stop at nothing to catch what they are pursuing.
Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound: Comparison Table
The table below compares the Dogue de Bordeaux to the Treeing Walker Coonhound based on different important factors such as Price, Health, Kid-friendliness, etc.
When a dog breed scores higher for a factor than the other dog breed, the box of the breed that scores higher is shaded green and the box of the breed that scores lower is shaded red. When there is no difference between the breeds for a particular factor then the box is shaded gray for both pets. Also, when the factor is not important in picking a pet, or when the factor cannot be compared between two pets, the box for the factor is shaded gray for both pets
Most of the factors in the table for each dog breed are ranked on a scale of 1 to 5. “1” means “worst”, and “5” means “best”.
However, some factors such as “Price”, “Average Lifespan”, etc. cannot be on a scale of 1 to 5, so they are not on a scale of 1 to 5 in the comparison table.
| Factor | Dogue de Bordeaux | Treeing Walker Coonhound |
|---|---|---|
| Good For Novice Owners | 1/5 | 2/5 |
| Dog Friendly | 1/5 | 3/5 |
| Friendly Toward Strangers | 1/5 | 3/5 |
| Tendency NOT to Wander | 5/5 | 1/5 |
| Tolerates Being Alone | 2/5 | 2/5 |
| Tolerates Hot Weather | 2/5 | 3/5 |
| General Health | 2/5 | 4/5 |
| Easy To Train | 2/5 | 2/5 |
| Does NOT Bark or Howl | 4/5 | 1/5 |
| NOT Rambunctious | 4/5 | 2/5 |
| Calmness/ Low Vigor | 4/5 | 2/5 |
| Height | 23 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder | 20 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder |
| Tolerates Cold Weather | 3/5 | 3/5 |
| Does NOT Shed | 3/5 | 3/5 |
| Intelligence | 3/5 | 4/5 |
| Potential For Playfulness | 3/5 | 3/5 |
| Easygoing | 2/5 | 1/5 |
| Potential NOT to Gain Weight | 2/5 | 3/5 |
| Does NOT chew on things | 2/5 | 3/5 |
| Low Prey Drive | 2/5 | 2/5 |
| Adapts Well To Apartment Living | 5/5 | 1/5 |
| Affectionate With Family | 5/5 | 4/5 |
| Kid-Friendly | 5/5 | 4/5 |
| Does NOT Drool | 1/5 | 4/5 |
| Easy To Groom | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| Minimal Exercise Needs | 1/5 | 1/5 |
| Life Span | 8 to 12 years | 12 to 13 years |
| Weight | Starts at 100 pounds | 45 to 80 pounds |
| Average Lifespan | 10.0 years | 12.5 years |
| Average Price | $2270 | $620 |
| Price Range | $1800 – $2500 | $300 – $850 |
| Temperament Score | 78.0 percent | 62.5 percent |
| Common Health Problems and Recommended Health Tests |
|
|
| Popularity out of 200 Dog Breeds | 65 | 127 |
*Data from dogtime.com, OFA.org (The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals), petcalculator.com, wikipedia.org, ATTS.org (the American Temperament Test Society)
Next, we added the scores of the factors that can be added together for the Dogue de Bordeaux in the table (that is, `Ease of Grooming` score + `General Health` score + `Calmness` score + …etc) and we compared it to the corresponding total score for the Treeing Walker Coonhound. We call these total scores the Better-Pet Scores, as we mentioned earlier. We called this score the Better-Pet score because the better dog breed will have a higher score. This is because the pet will the higher score will have minimal needs and be easier to have as a pet.
The Better-Pet score for a Dogue de Bordeaux is 70 out of 125 while the Better-Pet score for a Treeing Walker Coonhound is 66 out of 125.
Based on their Better-Pet scores, the Dogue de Bordeaux is a better pet than the Treeing Walker Coonhound. So, you should get the Dogue de Bordeaux!
Although we have done our best to analyze these two dog breeds in a very unbiased way, however, we will like to let you know that there are some dog attributes that cannot be assigned a number for comparison. We cannot put a number on how cute a dog breed is, for example. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Also, the dog breed that best suits you will depend on your peculiar lifestyle, your taste, and your priorities, which we do not know. So, for you to decide on which breed is right for you, read through the rest of the article to further understand both the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound so that you can make your own well-informed decision on which pet to get.
The Most Remarkable Differences Between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound
Below is a list of where the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound are most different:
The Similarities Between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound
The Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound are very similar in certain aspects. Below is the list of where the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound are most similar:
Size (Weight and Height) of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound
Now, let us discuss the difference in size between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
Dogue de Bordeauxs weigh Starts at 100 pounds when fully grown. Dogue de Bordeauxs are 23 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder when fully grown.
On the other hand, Treeing Walker Coonhounds weigh 45 to 80 pounds when fully grown. Treeing Walker Coonhounds are 20 to 27 inches tall at the shoulder when fully grown.
Temperament of the Dogue de Bordeaux Versus the Treeing Walker Coonhound
The Dogue de Bordeaux has a better temperament than the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
This is because the temperament score for the Dogue de Bordeaux is 78.0 percent while the temperament score for the Treeing Walker Coonhound is 62.5 percent, according to the American Temperament Test Society (ATTS).
The American Temperament Test Society (ATTS) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to provide fair and objective evaluations of the temperaments of dog breeds.
Dog breeds with low temperament scores tend to show unprovoked aggression, they easily panic without quickly recovering from the panic, and they tend to avoid people. However, dog breeds with high temperament scores are not aggressive and are not shy. Also, these dogs are generally friendly and they are protective of their owners.
The average temperament score across all dog breeds (over 250 breeds) is 83.7 percent.
With its temperament score of 78.0 percent, the Dogue de Bordeaux has a below-average temperament compared to other dog breeds.
With its temperament score of 62.5 percent, the Treeing Walker Coonhound has a below-average temperament compared to other dog breeds.
The ATTS obtained the temperament scores of the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound by measuring the temperaments of 100 Dogue de Bordeauxs and 8 Treeing Walker Coonhounds.
Price of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Price of Treeing Walker Coonhound
The average price of the Dogue de Bordeaux puppy is $2270. The price of the Dogue de Bordeaux typically ranges from $1800 – $2500. However, the price of a Dogue de Bordeaux can be as low as $800 and as high as $4000. We obtained this price information by reviewing the prices of 103 Dogue de Bordeaux puppies listed for sale from various sources.
The average price of the Treeing Walker Coonhound puppy is $620. The price of the Treeing Walker Coonhound typically ranges from $300 – $850. However, the price of a Treeing Walker Coonhound can be as low as $250 and as high as $1000. We obtained this price information by collecting and reviewing the prices of 20 Treeing Walker Coonhound puppies listed for sale from various sources.
The Dogue de Bordeaux is more expensive than the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
| Dogue de Bordeaux | Treeing Walker Coonhound | |
|---|---|---|
| Average Price | $2270 | $620 |
| Price Range | $1800 to $2500 | $300 to $850 |
The charts below show the price distribution for the Dogue de Bordeaux and Treeing Walker Coonhound. For different price points, the charts show how many Dogue de Bordeaux puppies or how many Treeing Walker Coonhound puppies are listed for sale at those price points.
A breakdown of the prices of Dogue de Bordeauxs. The typical price range is shaded Green.
A breakdown of the prices of Treeing Walker Coonhounds
Note that a lot of factors determine how much you can expect to pay for the Dogue de Bordeaux puppy or the Treeing Walker Coonhound puppy. This includes if health screening tests have been performed on the puppy, if the puppy is from a famous pedigree, the US State where the puppy is bred, etc.
Nevertheless, when looking from a puppy, look at buying a puppy only from well-established breeders that breed puppies primarily for the love of dogs, and secondarily for profit. Do not buy a puppy from one of those puppy mills that mass-produce puppies in bad living conditions for maximum profit.
You may also consider adopting a dog instead of buying a dog.
Adopting the Dogue de Bordeaux versus Adopting the Treeing Walker Coonhound
You may consider adopting a dog instead of buying a puppy. Many Dogue de Bordeauxs and many Treeing Walker Coonhounds are currently available for adoption.
These adorable and cute dogs are waiting in dog shelters hoping that someday someone will rescue them. Furthermore, adoption costs are lesser than the cost of a new puppy. Dog adoption costs are usually around $300. In addition to your local dog shelter, a good place online to see dogs that are available for adoption is petfinder.com.
Below is an adorable Male Dogue de Bordeaux named Clifford that is currently available for adoption on Petfinder.com. You can find other lovely adoptable Dogue de Bordeauxs like Clifford on pefinder.com.
Also, like Dogue de Bordeauxs, Treeing Walker Coonhounds are also available for adoption. For example, Bo is a Male Treeing Walker Coonhound that is currently available for adoption on petfinder.com. You can find more Treeing Walker Coonhounds like Bo that are up for adoption on petfinder.com.
Zorro is the name of another Dogue de Bordeaux (Male) on petfinder.com that is looking for a new home.
Also D633, an adorable Male Treeing Walker Coonhound on petfinder.com that you can adopt.
You can find more Dogue de Bordeauxs and Treeing Walker Coonhounds that are available for adoption on petfinder.
The Popularity of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Popularity of Treeing Walker Coonhound
Every year, the American Kennel Club (AKC) publishes information on how popular a dog breed is in that particular year. The AKC gets the popularity information of a breed from how many dogs of that breed the owners register with the AKC every year. The AKC collects this data for about 200 dog breeds. The AKC collects this data for purebred dogs only(no mixed or hybrid dogs).
The graphs and the table below show the popularity of the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound over the years.
Based on the AKC popularity data over the years, the Dogue de Bordeaux is more popular with dog owners than the Treeing Walker Coonhound. This is because, over the years, the average popularity of the Dogue de Bordeaux is 65 out of about 200 dog breeds while the average popularity of the Treeing Walker Coonhound is 127 out of about 200 dog breeds.
Popularity of Dogue de Bordeaux
Popularity of Treeing Walker Coonhound
| Year | Dogue de Bordeaux Popularity Rank | Treeing Walker Coonhound Popularity Rank |
|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 65 | 101 |
| 2014 | 63 | 112 |
| 2015 | 63 | 117 |
| 2016 | 63 | 137 |
| 2017 | 67 | 131 |
| 2018 | 67 | 137 |
| 2019 | 68 | 129 |
| 2020 | 71 | 153 |
Health Problems of Dogue de Bordeaux versus Health Problems of Treeing Walker Coonhound
Every dog breed has its own set of health problems that it has a tendency to develop. Therefore, there is nothing like a perfect puppy.
Both the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound are prone to certain genetic health conditions. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) is the organization that keeps track of health problems in dogs. Based on the extensive records that the OFA keeps, the OFA knows what health problems each dog breed is naturally prone to develop. Hence, the OFA recommends which health screening that breeders should perform on a dog breed to make sure that the breeders won`t breed `defective` dog parents that can pass down defective genes to their puppy offspring.
The more health problems a dog breed is prone to develop, the more health tests the OFA will recommend for that dog breed.
Based on our review of OFA records, we found that the Dogue de Bordeaux is prone to more genetic health problems than the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
This is because the OFA recommends more screening health tests for the Dogue de Bordeaux than for the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
6 health tests are recommended for Dogue de Bordeaux while 4 tests are recommended for the Treeing Walker Coonhound.
Below is a detailed discussion of health problems in Dogue de Bordeauxs and in Treeing Walker Coonhounds.
Dogue de Bordeaux Health Problems
Dogue de Bordeauxs are genetically prone to certain health problems. However, breeders can reduce the chances of producing Dogue de Bordeaux puppies with genetic defects by making sure that a puppy`s parents are free from genetic health problems before allowing the parent to make puppies.
The OFA provides breeders recommendations on which genetic diseases that breeders should screen their dog parents and puppies for.
If you want a Dogue de Bordeaux puppy that will grow up to be healthy, make sure that your Dogue de Bordeaux breeder screens your puppy or your puppy`s parents for the health problems that the OFA recommends for your puppy`s breed. This will increase the chances that your puppy is free from genetic defects.
The following are the health tests that Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) recommends that breeders should screen Dogue de Bordeauxs for:
You can find out more about OFA`s recommended tests for Dogue de Bordeauxs here.
Treeing Walker Coonhound Health Problems
Treeing Walker Coonhounds are genetically prone to certain health problems. However, breeders can reduce the chances of producing Treeing Walker Coonhound puppies with genetic defects by making sure that a puppy`s parents are free from genetic health problems before allowing the parent to make puppies.
The OFA provides breeders recommendations on which genetic diseases that breeders should screen their dog parents and puppies for.
If you want a Treeing Walker Coonhound puppy that will grow up to be healthy, make sure that your Treeing Walker Coonhound breeder screens your puppy or your puppy`s parents for the health problems that the OFA recommends for your puppy`s breed. This will increase the chances that your puppy is free from genetic defects.
The following are the health tests that Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) recommends that breeders should screen Treeing Walker Coonhounds for:
You can find out more about OFA`s recommended tests for Treeing Walker Coonhounds here.
Which is Better for New Dog Owners, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
Dogue de Bordeauxs are not the best dogs for new dog owners.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds are not the best dogs for new dog owners.
Which Dog Breed is more Dog-Friendly, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
Dogue de Bordeauxs do not get along well with other dogs.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds get along fairly well with other dogs.
Wanderlust Potential: Dogue de Bordeaux vs. Treeing Walker Coonhound
Dogue de Bordeauxs do not have the potential to wander after things that capture their attention. They tend to stay around where you leave them.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds have a high tendency to wander. They are easily distracted by other animals or objects.
Tolerates Being Alone: Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound
Dogue de Bordeauxs do not like to be left alone.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds do not like to be left alone.
Can Dogue de Bordeauxs Tolerate Hot Weather? Can Treeing Walker Coonhounds Tolerate Hot Weather?
Dogue de Bordeauxs cannot tolerate hot weather. They are not suited for hot environments.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds can tolerate hot weather as long as the weather is not too hot.
Is the Dogue de Bordeaux Easier to Train than the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
Dogue de Bordeauxs are not easy to train.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds are not easy to train.
Do Dogue de Bordeauxs Bark and Howl? What about Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
Dogue de Bordeauxs are not very vocal. They do not tend to bark and howl.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds are highly vocal. They have the tendency to bark and howl.
Can Dogue de Bordeauxs Tolerate Cold Weather? And can Treeing Walker Coonhounds Tolerate Cold Weather?
Dogue de Bordeauxs can moderately tolerate cold weather.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds can moderately tolerate cold weather.
Do Dogue de Bordeauxs shed more than Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
Dogue de Bordeauxs shed moderately.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds shed moderately.
Does the Dogue de Bordeaux Have a Higher Prey Drive than the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
Dogue de Bordeauxs have a high prey drive. They have the tendency to chase after smaller animals and pets. They do not get along well with other pets.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds have a high prey drive. They have the tendency to chase after smaller animals and pets. They do not get along well with other pets.
Is the Dogue de Bordeaux Better for Apartment Owners than the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
Dogue de Bordeauxs adapt very well to apartment living.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds do not adapt well to apartment living.
Are Dogue de Bordeauxs good family dogs? What about Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
Dogue de Bordeauxs are great family dogs. They are very affectionate with family.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds are great family dogs. They are very affectionate with family.
How Kid-friendly are Dogue de Bordeauxs and Treeing Walker Coonhounds?
Dogue de Bordeauxs get along well with kids. They are kid-friendly.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds get along well with kids. They are kid-friendly.
Which one drools more, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound
Dogue de Bordeauxs have a very high tendency to drool.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds do have a very low tendency to drool.
Which is Easier to Groom, the Dogue de Bordeaux or the Treeing Walker Coonhound?
Dogue de Bordeauxs are very easy to groom.
Treeing Walker Coonhounds are very easy to groom.
Other Dog Breeds That are Similar to the Dogue de Bordeaux
Furthermore, there are other dog breeds that are very similar to the Dogue de Bordeaux that you can consider on your quest to get the best pet.
We crunched the numbers and found that the following dog breeds have similar personality and temperament as the Dogue de Bordeaux:
Other Dog Breeds That are Similar to the Treeing Walker Coonhound
Furthermore, there are other dog breeds that are very similar to the Treeing Walker Coonhound that you can consider on your quest to get the best pet.
We crunched the numbers and found that the following dog breeds have similar personality and temperament as the Treeing Walker Coonhound:
Other Breed Comparisons that Might Interest You
You may also be interested in how the Dogue de Bordeaux and how the Treeing Walker Coonhound compares to other breeds. So, see below the comparison of the Dogue de Bordeaux and of the Treeing Walker Coonhound to other breeds:
Dogue de Bordeaux Versus Other Dog Breeds
Dogue de Bordeaux versus Cockalier Dogue de Bordeaux versus Bernese Mountain Dog Dogue de Bordeaux versus Doberman Pinscher Dogue de Bordeaux versus Bolognese Dogue de Bordeaux versus Staffordshire Bull Terrier Dogue de Bordeaux versus Vizsla Dogue de Bordeaux versus Karelian Bear Dog Dogue de Bordeaux versus Boxerdoodle Dogue de Bordeaux versus Keeshond Dogue de Bordeaux versus Korean Jindo Dog
Treeing Walker Coonhound Versus Other Dog Breeds
Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Cavachon Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Chesapeake Bay Retriever Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Boerboel Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Miniature Pinscher Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Welsh Springer Spaniel Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Collie Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Fila Brasileiro Treeing Walker Coonhound versus Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Conclusion: Dogue de Bordeaux versus Treeing Walker Coonhound. Which One is a Better Pet?
In summary, there is nothing like a better dog breed or a worse dog breed. The important question to ask is which dog breed better matches your interests and lifestyle. We hope our discussion above will help you in deciding which dog breed between the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Treeing Walker Coonhound better suits you and your family.